Education modulates the impact of white matter lesions on the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia
Identifieur interne : 004738 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004737; suivant : 004739Education modulates the impact of white matter lesions on the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia
Auteurs : Marion Mortamais [France] ; Florence Portet [France] ; Adam M. Brickman [États-Unis] ; Frank A. Provenzano [États-Unis] ; Jordan Muraskin [États-Unis] ; Tasnime N. Akbaraly [France, Royaume-Uni] ; Claudine Berr [France] ; Jacques Touchon [France] ; Alain Bonafé [France] ; Emmanuelle Le Bars [France] ; Nicolas Menjot De Champfleur [France] ; Jerome J. Maller [Australie] ; Chantal Meslin [Australie] ; Robert Sabatier [France] ; Karen Ritchie [France, Royaume-Uni] ; Sylvaine Artero [France]Source :
- The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry [ 1064-7481 ] ; 2013.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Dysfonctionnement cognitif (anatomopathologie), Dysfonctionnement cognitif (étiologie), Démence (anatomopathologie), Démence (étiologie), Encéphale (anatomopathologie), Facteurs de risque, Femelle, Hippocampe (anatomopathologie), Humains, Imagerie par résonance magnétique, Mâle, Neuroimagerie, Niveau d'instruction, Substance blanche (anatomopathologie), Sujet âgé, Taille d'organe.
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Dysfonctionnement cognitif, Démence, Encéphale, Hippocampe, Substance blanche.
- étiologie : Dysfonctionnement cognitif, Démence.
- Facteurs de risque, Femelle, Humains, Imagerie par résonance magnétique, Mâle, Neuroimagerie, Niveau d'instruction, Sujet âgé, Taille d'organe.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- etiology : Cognitive Dysfunction, Dementia.
- pathology : Brain, Cognitive Dysfunction, Dementia, Hippocampus, White Matter.
- Aged, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuroimaging, Organ Size, Risk Factors.
Abstract
Conflicting results have been reported regarding the association between white matter lesions (WML) and cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that education, a marker of cognitive reserve (CR), could modulate the effects of WML on the risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia.
We followed 500 healthy subjects from a cohort of community-dwelling persons aged 65 years and over (ESPRIT Project). At baseline, WML volume was measured using a semi-automatic method on T2-weighted MRI. Standardized cognitive and neurological evaluations were repeated after 2, 4 and 7 years. The sample was dichotomized according to education level into low (≤8 years) and high (>8 years) education groups. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to study the association between WML and risk of MCI/dementia.
The interaction between education level and WML volume reached significance (p=0.017). After adjustment for potential confounders, the association between severe WML and increased MCI/dementia risk was significant in the low education group (≤8 years) (p=0.02, HR= 3.77 [1.29–10.99]), but not in the high education group (>8 years) (p=0.82, HR=1.07 [0.61–1.87]).
Severe WML significantly increases the risk of developing MCI/dementia over a 7-year period in low educated participants. Subjects with higher education levels were seen to be more likely to be resilient to the deleterious effects of severe WML. The CR hypothesis suggests several avenues for dementia prevention.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.06.002
PubMed: 24021219
PubMed Central: 4143478
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Languedoc-Roussillon, Occitanie (région administrative), Victoria (État), État de New York
- Londres, Melbourne, Montpellier
- University College de Londres
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Le document en format XML
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Hospital</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Artero, Sylvaine" sort="Artero, Sylvaine" uniqKey="Artero S" first="Sylvaine" last="Artero">Sylvaine Artero</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement 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uniqKey="Mortamais M" first="Marion" last="Mortamais">Marion Mortamais</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Portet, Florence" sort="Portet, Florence" uniqKey="Portet F" first="Florence" last="Portet">Florence Portet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Unité transversale des troubles neurologiques du sujet âgé, CHU Caremeau, Centre Ruffi, Pôle de Gériatrie, CHU Nîmes, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité transversale des troubles neurologiques du sujet âgé, CHU Caremeau, Centre Ruffi, Pôle de Gériatrie, CHU Nîmes</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CHU Nîmes</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>CHU Nîmes</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Montpellier University Hospital, University Department of Adult Psychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Montpellier University Hospital, University Department of Adult Psychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brickman, Adam M" sort="Brickman, Adam M" uniqKey="Brickman A" first="Adam M." last="Brickman">Adam M. Brickman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A5">Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Provenzano, Frank A" sort="Provenzano, Frank A" uniqKey="Provenzano F" first="Frank A." last="Provenzano">Frank A. Provenzano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A5">Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muraskin, Jordan" sort="Muraskin, Jordan" uniqKey="Muraskin J" first="Jordan" last="Muraskin">Jordan Muraskin</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A5">Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akbaraly, Tasnime N" sort="Akbaraly, Tasnime N" uniqKey="Akbaraly T" first="Tasnime N." last="Akbaraly">Tasnime N. Akbaraly</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berr, Claudine" sort="Berr, Claudine" uniqKey="Berr C" first="Claudine" last="Berr">Claudine Berr</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Touchon, Jacques" sort="Touchon, Jacques" uniqKey="Touchon J" first="Jacques" last="Touchon">Jacques Touchon</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonafe, Alain" sort="Bonafe, Alain" uniqKey="Bonafe A" first="Alain" last="Bonafé">Alain Bonafé</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Bars, Emmanuelle" sort="Le Bars, Emmanuelle" uniqKey="Le Bars E" first="Emmanuelle" last="Le Bars">Emmanuelle Le Bars</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Champfleur, Nicolas Menjot" sort="De Champfleur, Nicolas Menjot" uniqKey="De Champfleur N" first="Nicolas Menjot" last="De Champfleur">Nicolas Menjot De Champfleur</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A7">CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maller, Jerome J" sort="Maller, Jerome J" uniqKey="Maller J" first="Jerome J." last="Maller">Jerome J. Maller</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A8">Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred & Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, The Alfred & Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meslin, Chantal" sort="Meslin, Chantal" uniqKey="Meslin C" first="Chantal" last="Meslin">Chantal Meslin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Canberra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabatier, Robert" sort="Sabatier, Robert" uniqKey="Sabatier R" first="Robert" last="Sabatier">Robert Sabatier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ritchie, Karen" sort="Ritchie, Karen" uniqKey="Ritchie K" first="Karen" last="Ritchie">Karen Ritchie</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary’s Hospital, United Kingdom</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary’s Hospital</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>St Mary’s Hospital</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Artero, Sylvaine" sort="Artero, Sylvaine" uniqKey="Artero S" first="Sylvaine" last="Artero">Sylvaine Artero</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A1">Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm, U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A2">University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Languedoc-Roussillon</region><settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry</title><idno type="ISSN">1064-7481</idno><idno type="eISSN">1545-7214</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Brain (pathology)</term><term>Cognitive Dysfunction (etiology)</term><term>Cognitive Dysfunction (pathology)</term><term>Dementia (etiology)</term><term>Dementia (pathology)</term><term>Educational Status</term><term>Female</term><term>Hippocampus (pathology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</term><term>Male</term><term>Neuroimaging</term><term>Organ Size</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>White Matter (pathology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Dysfonctionnement cognitif (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Dysfonctionnement cognitif (étiologie)</term><term>Démence (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Démence (étiologie)</term><term>Encéphale (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Hippocampe (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Imagerie par résonance magnétique</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Neuroimagerie</term><term>Niveau d'instruction</term><term>Substance blanche (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Taille d'organe</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Dysfonctionnement cognitif</term><term>Démence</term><term>Encéphale</term><term>Hippocampe</term><term>Substance blanche</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cognitive Dysfunction</term><term>Dementia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Brain</term><term>Cognitive Dysfunction</term><term>Dementia</term><term>Hippocampus</term><term>White Matter</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="étiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Dysfonctionnement cognitif</term><term>Démence</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Educational Status</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</term><term>Male</term><term>Neuroimaging</term><term>Organ Size</term><term>Risk Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Imagerie par résonance magnétique</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Neuroimagerie</term><term>Niveau d'instruction</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Taille d'organe</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Objectives</title><p id="P1">Conflicting results have been reported regarding the association between white matter lesions (WML) and cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that education, a marker of cognitive reserve (CR), could modulate the effects of WML on the risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title><p id="P2">We followed 500 healthy subjects from a cohort of community-dwelling persons aged 65 years and over (ESPRIT Project). At baseline, WML volume was measured using a semi-automatic method on T2-weighted MRI. Standardized cognitive and neurological evaluations were repeated after 2, 4 and 7 years. The sample was dichotomized according to education level into low (≤8 years) and high (>8 years) education groups. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to study the association between WML and risk of MCI/dementia.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">The interaction between education level and WML volume reached significance (p=0.017). After adjustment for potential confounders, the association between severe WML and increased MCI/dementia risk was significant in the low education group (≤8 years) (p=0.02, HR= 3.77 [1.29–10.99]), but not in the high education group (>8 years) (p=0.82, HR=1.07 [0.61–1.87]).</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P4">Severe WML significantly increases the risk of developing MCI/dementia over a 7-year period in low educated participants. Subjects with higher education levels were seen to be more likely to be resilient to the deleterious effects of severe WML. The CR hypothesis suggests several avenues for dementia prevention.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Languedoc-Roussillon</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li><li>Victoria (État)</li><li>État de New York</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li><li>Melbourne</li><li>Montpellier</li></settlement><orgName><li>University College de Londres</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Occitanie (région administrative)"><name sortKey="Mortamais, Marion" sort="Mortamais, Marion" uniqKey="Mortamais M" first="Marion" last="Mortamais">Marion Mortamais</name></region><name sortKey="Akbaraly, Tasnime N" sort="Akbaraly, Tasnime N" uniqKey="Akbaraly T" first="Tasnime N." last="Akbaraly">Tasnime N. Akbaraly</name><name sortKey="Akbaraly, Tasnime N" sort="Akbaraly, Tasnime N" uniqKey="Akbaraly T" first="Tasnime N." last="Akbaraly">Tasnime N. Akbaraly</name><name sortKey="Artero, Sylvaine" sort="Artero, Sylvaine" uniqKey="Artero S" first="Sylvaine" last="Artero">Sylvaine Artero</name><name sortKey="Artero, Sylvaine" sort="Artero, Sylvaine" uniqKey="Artero S" first="Sylvaine" last="Artero">Sylvaine Artero</name><name sortKey="Berr, Claudine" sort="Berr, Claudine" uniqKey="Berr C" first="Claudine" last="Berr">Claudine Berr</name><name sortKey="Berr, Claudine" sort="Berr, Claudine" uniqKey="Berr C" first="Claudine" last="Berr">Claudine Berr</name><name sortKey="Bonafe, Alain" sort="Bonafe, Alain" uniqKey="Bonafe A" first="Alain" last="Bonafé">Alain Bonafé</name><name sortKey="Bonafe, Alain" sort="Bonafe, Alain" uniqKey="Bonafe A" first="Alain" last="Bonafé">Alain Bonafé</name><name sortKey="De Champfleur, Nicolas Menjot" sort="De Champfleur, Nicolas Menjot" uniqKey="De Champfleur N" first="Nicolas Menjot" last="De Champfleur">Nicolas Menjot De Champfleur</name><name sortKey="De Champfleur, Nicolas Menjot" sort="De Champfleur, Nicolas Menjot" uniqKey="De Champfleur N" first="Nicolas Menjot" last="De Champfleur">Nicolas Menjot De Champfleur</name><name sortKey="Le Bars, Emmanuelle" sort="Le Bars, Emmanuelle" uniqKey="Le Bars E" first="Emmanuelle" last="Le Bars">Emmanuelle Le Bars</name><name sortKey="Le Bars, Emmanuelle" sort="Le Bars, Emmanuelle" uniqKey="Le Bars E" first="Emmanuelle" last="Le Bars">Emmanuelle Le Bars</name><name sortKey="Mortamais, Marion" sort="Mortamais, Marion" uniqKey="Mortamais M" first="Marion" last="Mortamais">Marion Mortamais</name><name sortKey="Portet, Florence" sort="Portet, Florence" uniqKey="Portet F" first="Florence" last="Portet">Florence Portet</name><name sortKey="Portet, Florence" sort="Portet, Florence" uniqKey="Portet F" first="Florence" last="Portet">Florence Portet</name><name sortKey="Portet, Florence" sort="Portet, Florence" uniqKey="Portet F" first="Florence" last="Portet">Florence Portet</name><name sortKey="Ritchie, Karen" sort="Ritchie, Karen" uniqKey="Ritchie K" first="Karen" last="Ritchie">Karen Ritchie</name><name sortKey="Ritchie, Karen" sort="Ritchie, Karen" uniqKey="Ritchie K" first="Karen" last="Ritchie">Karen Ritchie</name><name sortKey="Sabatier, Robert" sort="Sabatier, Robert" uniqKey="Sabatier R" first="Robert" last="Sabatier">Robert Sabatier</name><name sortKey="Touchon, Jacques" sort="Touchon, Jacques" uniqKey="Touchon J" first="Jacques" last="Touchon">Jacques Touchon</name><name sortKey="Touchon, Jacques" sort="Touchon, Jacques" uniqKey="Touchon J" first="Jacques" last="Touchon">Jacques Touchon</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Brickman, Adam M" sort="Brickman, Adam M" uniqKey="Brickman A" first="Adam M." last="Brickman">Adam M. Brickman</name></region><name sortKey="Muraskin, Jordan" sort="Muraskin, Jordan" uniqKey="Muraskin J" first="Jordan" last="Muraskin">Jordan Muraskin</name><name sortKey="Provenzano, Frank A" sort="Provenzano, Frank A" uniqKey="Provenzano F" first="Frank A." last="Provenzano">Frank A. Provenzano</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Akbaraly, Tasnime N" sort="Akbaraly, Tasnime N" uniqKey="Akbaraly T" first="Tasnime N." last="Akbaraly">Tasnime N. Akbaraly</name></region><name sortKey="Ritchie, Karen" sort="Ritchie, Karen" uniqKey="Ritchie K" first="Karen" last="Ritchie">Karen Ritchie</name></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Victoria (État)"><name sortKey="Maller, Jerome J" sort="Maller, Jerome J" uniqKey="Maller J" first="Jerome J." last="Maller">Jerome J. Maller</name></region><name sortKey="Meslin, Chantal" sort="Meslin, Chantal" uniqKey="Meslin C" first="Chantal" last="Meslin">Chantal Meslin</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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